In LOPA, what indicates that a layer of protection may be ineffective?

The indication that a layer of protection may be ineffective in the context of LOPA is recognized by observing repeating incidents of risk despite existing measures. This repetition suggests that the current safety systems and controls in place are not adequately mitigating the risk, pointing to a potential failure of those layers of protection to function as intended.

These incidents could imply several underlying issues, such as the design inadequacies of the protective measures, lack of proper implementation, insufficient resources, or complacency in adherence to safety protocols. When the same type of risk repeatedly results in incidents, it highlights a critical need for reassessment and enhancement of the risk management strategies being employed.

While factors like high employee turnover rates, increased market competition, and changes in leadership structure can influence operational effectiveness and workplace culture, they do not directly indicate the performance or effectiveness of specific layers of protection in risk management as robustly as the occurrence of repeated risk incidents does.