True or False: The Initiating Event Frequency (IEF) and probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) values in LOPA must use the same units.

In Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA), it is essential to understand the distinction between Initiating Event Frequency (IEF) and Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD). Initiating Event Frequency is usually expressed in terms of events per year (e.g., 1 in 100 years) or a similar time-based frequency metric. In contrast, Probability of Failure on Demand is a dimensionless ratio, typically representing the probability of failure occurring when a demand is made on a safety system.

Since IEF is measured over a time unit (e.g., per year), while PFD is a pure fraction (e.g., 0.01 for a 1% chance), they are fundamentally different in terms of their units. Therefore, they do not require the same units for LOPA calculations. The probability calculations involved in LOPA recognize these differences and accommodate them appropriately, making the statement false. This understanding is crucial for accurate risk assessment and management within the LOPA framework.