Why must past incidents be reviewed when conducting a LOPA?

Reviewing past incidents is crucial in a Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) because these incidents offer valuable historical data that help in estimating the frequency of potential hazards. By analyzing what has occurred in the past, organizations can gain insights into how often specific events have happened and identify patterns or trends that may not be apparent without this historical context.

Using this data allows risk analysts to make more informed predictions about the likelihood of similar incidents occurring in the future, which is a key component in understanding and mitigating risks effectively. It enables a more robust risk assessment process, guiding the implementation of appropriate layers of protection by prioritizing areas that present the highest risk based on real-world evidence.

In essence, the examination of past incidents enriches the analysis with empirical data, improving the accuracy of risk evaluations and enabling better decision-making.